Adverbs
副詞描述或提供有關動詞、形容詞、副詞或短語的額外資訊。
示例:
She was a very happy child.
He ate the hamburger quickly.
Her latest movie is absolutely terrifying!
Don't be gone for too long.
The old, dark house gave me a bad feeling.
地點副詞
地點副詞告訴我們某事發生的地點，不會改變形容詞或副詞的含義。
示例:
| 關於 | downstairs | 在…上 |
| 在上面 | 東（等） | 從…出來 |
| abroad | elsewhere | 在外面 |
| 任何地方 | far | 在上面 |
| 離開 | 這裡 | 那裡 |
| backwards (以及 backward) | indoors | 在...之下 |
| Behind | 在...裡面 | 向上 |
| 在...下面 | 在...旁邊 | upstairs |
| 向下 | nearby | 在哪裡 |
| 離開 |
後綴“...wards”或“...ward”通常表示沿著指定方向的移動。
|
Upwards |
The balloon floated upwards when she let it go. |
|
Downward |
The downward dog is his favourite yoga position. |
|
Backwards |
He fell backwards off the horse. |
|
下頁 |
Please move forward so I may get by. |
|
Westward |
The westward facing house was the one they liked the most. |
尾碼“…where”也與部分地點副詞一起使用。
|
Nowhere |
I have nowhere to go on the weekend, I need to make a plan. |
|
任何地方 |
Is there anywhere you would like to visit while you're here? |
|
某個地方 |
I have to find somewhere with a washroom. |
|
Everywhere |
I've looked everywhere for it. |
時間副詞
這些副詞告訴我們時間發生的事件。時間副詞也告訴我們某事發生的頻率或持續的時間。
示例:
| 指代時間的副詞 | 指代頻率的副詞 | 指代持續時間的副詞 |
|---|---|---|
| 現在 | 有時 | ages |
| 然後 | 總是 | all day |
| 今天 | 經常 | since last month |
| 明天 | yearly | for several days |
| 今晚 | hourly | for many years |
| 每天 | since the '90s | |
| infrequently | many hours |
I have a meeting with him tomorrow.
We should go to the train station now.
He visits his grandmother yearly.
Ella sometimes adds strawberries to her yoghurt.
I have been using the app since last month.
Miguel has lived in New York since the '90s.
方式副詞
方式副詞告訴我們事情是怎麼發生的。
示例:
| angrily | badly | beautifully | calmingly |
| carefully | cautiously | cleverly | dangerously |
| eagerly | excitedly | foolishly | 快速 |
| furiously | happily | greedily | 硬 |
| hurriedly | kindly | nervously | politely |
| quickly | quietly | secretly | silently |
| slowly | softly | stupidly | unhappily |
| well | wickedly | willingly | wisely |
Violet secretly hoped she wouldn't have to go to work.
He nervously played with his pen waiting to open the exam booklet.
The car was driving dangerously close to the sidewalk.
They quickly stopped talking when the teacher came in.
He stupidly forgot his car keys and had to go back.
程度副詞
程度副詞告訴我們某事發生的程度或範圍。這類副詞可以修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞。
示例:
| Really | Slowly | Fairly | 快的 |
| Just | Very | Quite | Enough |
修飾動詞的副詞：
He was slowly walking to the park.
They had done enough dancing for one night.
Jenna quickly hid the book behind her back.
修飾形容詞的副詞：
The kids were very kind to the lost dog.
The hotel ballroom was quite beautiful.
He was fairly happy at his new job.
修飾副詞的副詞：
She had learned to play chess very well.
The birds ate the seed quite quickly.
The game was really cleverly created.
確定性副詞
確定性副詞表明我們對某事有多確定或肯定。
示例:
| Certainly | Definitely | Probably | Clearly |
| Undoubtedly | Obviously | Surely |
I'm definitely going to get tickets for that show.
He is clearly feeling guilty about lying to her.
You're obviously not enjoying this movie, let's turn it off.
I'll probably go to the gallery opening on the weekend.
從形容詞構成副詞
大多數時候，我們可以在形容詞的末尾加上“-ly”來構成副詞。
將"y" 替換為"i"，如果形容詞以"y" 結尾，則加上"-ly" 。
如果形容詞以"-able"、"-ible" 或"-le" 結尾，則將"-e" 替換為"-y"。
如果形容詞以“-ic”結尾，那麼我們應該加上“-ally”。
| 形容詞 | 副詞 |
|---|---|
| happy | happily |
| gentle | gently |
| tragic | tragically |
| 慢的 | slowly |
關係副詞
關係副詞連接句子或從句。關係副詞為 "when"、 "where" 和"why"。
Do you know the reason why he is so upset?
The day when we will have the event is supposed to be sunny.
There is a beautiful library in the university where we met.
疑問副詞
我們使用疑問副詞“when”、”where“、“why”和 "how"來構成疑問句。
When does the next bus arrive?
Where will you go for summer vacation?
How do I get to the nearest beach?
Why doesn’t he want to come out to dinner with us tonight?