Clauses
從句是句子的組成部分。英語中有兩種從句:獨立從句和從屬從句。
獨立從句
獨立從句包含一個主語和一個動詞,所以是完整的句子。獨立從句的另一個說法是主句。
We left the house at 5 a.m.
Hamed eats an apple every day.
Let's go!
從屬從句
從屬從句不是完整的句子,需要一個獨立的從句才能有意義。如果你從句子中把從屬從句去掉,說話者想要傳達的資訊就沒法傳遞出來。
The car, which was brand new, needed a new wing mirror.
You went with her to the dentist, didn't you?
If you leave now, you'll miss the main event.
關係從句
關係從句是修飾名詞的從屬從句。這些從句以關係代詞 "who"、 "whose"、"which"、 "where"、"when" 或 "that"開頭。
The car that I drove here in is actually my mother's.
His friend, who was wearing a bright red coat, only stayed for half an hour.
Gerald’s new job, which is at LingQ, has made him very happy.
限制性還是非限制性?
關係從句可以是限制性的,也可以是非限制性的。
限定性定語子句對於句子來說是必不可少的。它們會修改名詞或名詞短語,如果將它們刪除,句子將失去意義,或者說話者試圖傳達的信息將會丟失。
示例:
The muffins that I baked are all low sugar.
The hotel where Angela works will close down in a month.
The person who made us all late should have to clean the bus.
非限制性從句對句子來說是可有可無的,它們提供了額外的資訊。如果去掉非限制性從句,這個句子仍然有意義,說話者的資訊也可以得到充分表達。
The little girl, who was carrying a yellow backpack, was waiting a long time for her dad.
The old church, which has needed a new roof for years, is very cold in the winter.
Fion Jones, who lives down the road, is going to walk the dog tomorrow morning.