Verb Tenses
Werkwoorden staan bekend als actiewoorden. Ze geven een actie, gebeurtenis of staat van zijn aan.
English verbs come in three tenses: past, present and future. Here is how to form the different kinds of verb tenses in English:
Simple Past
De eenvoudige verleden tijd wordt gebruikt om te praten over acties die eerder (in het verleden) zijn voltooid.
Onderwerp + werkwoord in verleden tijd
I ate the banana you are looking for this morning.
We slept in the spare room last night.
The team played icebreaker games before the event started.
She hadn't thought about how many people would be coming to dinner.
Ritu hasn't eaten since breakfast.
They haven't taken the driving test yet.
Past Continuous
The past continuous tense is used to talk about unfinished or incomplete actions in the past. This tense shows that the action that was started in the past is still going on now.
Subject + was/wasn't/were/weren't + present participle (verb + ing)
Henri was playing the guitar when I came over.
When we got there the girls were running around.
I was mad that Mari wasn't ready when I drove up to her house.
We weren't singing when she got to the concert hall.
Past Perfect
The past perfect shows that one event happened before another event in the past and makes it clear which event happened first.
Subject + had/hadn't + past participle verb
Angel had saved his work before the computer crashed.
We had prepared the buses by the time the tourists arrived.
I hadn't cooked anything when my friends turned up.
There was nothing to eat because he hadn't been shopping.
Past Perfect Continuous
The past perfect continuous tense shows actions in the past that ended before other actions in the past.
Subject + had/hadn't/ been + present participle (verb + ing)
By the time the restaurant opened we'd (we had) been waiting for an hour.
John had been swimming already by the time his friends go there.
She hadn't been doing her homework when her dad got home from work.
Simple Present
The simple present tense shows repetition, habit or generalization.
Subject + present tense verb
I go to work every day.
He loves to eat something sweet after dinner.
Americans eat lots of junk food.
The boxing class starts at 6 p.m. every week night.
It rains in Vancouver all the time.
Present Continuous
The present continuous tense is used to describe ongoing actions taking place in the present.
Subject + am/is/are + present participle (verb + ing)
She is cleaning out her car.
Megan's putting together the annual report.
We're living in Moscow right now.
They're having breakfast, let's join them.
Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense shows a past event that has present consequences.
Subject + have/haven't/has/hasn't + past participle verb
I have lived in this house since 1992.
She has worked at the same job for 22 years.
She hasn't studied Japanese for very long so she finds it tough to speak.
He hadn't seen her at all yet today.
Present Perfect Continuous
The present perfect continuous tense expresses actions started in the past that continue in the present or have just now finished.
Subject + have/haven't/has/hasn't been + present participle (verb + ing)
It has been raining for five days straight.
She hasn't been eating breakfast because she's been sick.
The tourists have been feeding the birds in the park.
We just haven't been taking care of the yard this summer as it's been so hot.
Simple Future
The simple future is used to talk about actions that will happen after the present. This tense expresses facts and certainty.
Subject + shall/ shall not / will/ will not + base verb
Ik ga morgen naar kantoor.
We zullen niet eerder weggaan dan wat later vanavond .
Ze zullen aan de tafel moeten eten en niet op de bank.
Hij zal niet aan de wedstrijd meedoen als het onweert.
Doorlopende Toekomstige Tijd
De doorlopende toekomstige tijd drukt een doorgaande of voortdurende actie uit in de toekomst.
Subject + will / will not be + present participle verb (-ing form)
Jake will be coming over later to watch a movie.
The team will be playing in the tournament on Wednesday of next week.
My brother won't be joining us at next week's practice.
I will not be drinking that milk, it's sour.
Future Perfect
The future perfect tense is used to show an action that will occur in the future before another action or time in the future.
Subject + will / won't have + past participle verb
I will have lived in Barcelona for three years on the 20th of this month.
He won't have finished the essay by tomorrow's deadline.
Ami will have finished high school by the time her dad returns from working abroad.
Future Perfect Continuous
The future perfect tense is used to show an action that will occur in the future before another action or time in the future
Subject + shall/ shall not / will / will not + have be/been + present participle verb (-ing form)
We will have been driving for 10 hours come 6 o'clock.
Next month I will have been coming here for lunch every day for a year.
They will have been sleeping for an hour by the time you get home from work.
Zero Conditional
The zero conditional is used to express general truths.
If + present simple + present simple
People bleed if you cut them.
Water boils if you heat it enough.
Eerste voorwaardelijke wijs
De eerste voorwaardelijke wijs heeft het over een mogelijke toestand en het waarschijnlijke resultaat daarvan. Het zegt in feite "als dit gebeurt, gebeurt/zou dit ook kunnen gebeuren."
Als + simple present + simple future
If you fails the test, he will not graduate.
If he drops the glass, it will smash.
If she eats that meat, she might get sick.
If he climbs that tree, he may fall.
Tweede voorwaardelijke wijs
De tweede voorwaardelijke wijs heeft het over situaties of acties in het heden of de toekomst die onwaarschijnlijk, hypothetisch, denkbeeldig of onmogelijk zijn.
Als + simple past + present conditional of present continuous conditional
If I were younger, I would go backpacking around the world.
If she were taller, she would have tried out for the basketball team.
If I won the lottery, I would buy a Ferrari.
Derde voorwaardelijke wijs
De derde voorwaardelijke wijs drukt een onmogelijke toestand in het verleden uit en het resultaat van deze toestand in het verleden.
Als + past perfect + would have + past participle verb
If I had trained harder I would have run a faster time in the marathon.
If you had gone to law school, you would have been a great lawyer.
If you had invited them to, they would have played for longer.
Gemengde voorwaardelijke wijs
In gemengde voorwaardelijke wijs is de tijd in de hoofdzin anders dan de tijd in de voorwaardelijke bijzin of de als bijzin.
Als + past perfect + present conditional
Als + simple past + perfect conditional
If we had checked the directions before we left, we wouldn't be lost now.
We wouldn’t be lost now if we had checked the directions before we left.
Modale werkwoorden
Modale werkwoorden geven extra informatie over de functie van het hoofdwerkwoord dat na iot komt in een zin. Dit soort werkwoorden worden gebruikt om toestemming, verplichting, gebrek aan noodzaak, mogelijkheid, bekwaamheid, verbod, advies en waarschijnlijkheid uit te drukken.
Enkele voorbeelden van modale werkwoorden en zinnen:
| Toestemming | |
|---|---|
| Can | Can I please come to your party? |
| Mei | May I take a cookie from the jar? |
| Might | Might I suggest a different approach? |
| Verplichting | |
|---|---|
| Must | You must tell me what he said. |
| Should | He should leave the room. |
| Ought to | They ought to find a place to stay. |
| Ontbreken van noodzaak | |
|---|---|
| Need not | You need not worry, I will take care of it. |
| Mogelijkheid | |
|---|---|
| Can | Eating more fruit can make you healthier. |
| Could | Rewriting the paper could get you a higher grade |
| Mei | It may be cheaper at the other store. |
| Might | It might be better to try tomorrow. |
| Vermogen | |
|---|---|
| Can | I can run faster than Jim. |
| Zou kunnen (verleden tijd) | I could swim for miles when I was a teenager. |
| Verbod | |
|---|---|
| Must not | You must not drink alcohol until you are at least 18 years old. |
| Advies | |
|---|---|
| Had better | You had better go to bed now if you want to get up at 5 a.m. tomorrow. |
| Should | You should call your grandmother, she would like that. |
| Ought to | They ought to clear their driveway so we can park our car. |
| Waarschijnlijkheid | |
|---|---|
| Mei | It may rain this afternoon. |
| Might | We might go play tennis tomorrow. |