Pronouns
代名詞とは、名詞の代わりに使用される単語を指します。英語で使用される代名詞をいくつか紹介します。
主語代名詞
主語代名詞は、文章の主語である名詞の代わりに使用します。
He would like to sit down.
They are not happy with their meal.
That building is so big it blocks the sun.
She hadn't thought about how many people would be coming to dinner.
We would like to sit at a window table.
目的格代名詞
目的格代名詞は、文章の目的語である名詞の代わりに使用します。
Come with us to the movies.
Take her to the hospital if she is sick
Amelia won't bring it home.
Your friend wants to play with you.
Tell him I said no thank you.
所有代名詞
所有代名詞は、文章の主語または目的語の名詞のいずれかに代わって使用します。
That bike is not hers.
His one is not the same.
Theirs is the green one.
That’s mine!
The red house is ours.
再帰代名詞
再帰代名詞は、文章の主語が動詞が指す目的語と同一であるときに使用します。
She hurt herselfplaying tennis.
They can cook for themselves this weekend
He blamed himself for the accident.
You can show yourself out.
強意代名詞
これらの代名詞は主語を強調します。強意代名詞を取り除いても文章の意味が変わらないため、再帰代名詞とは異なります。
The President himself ordered them to stop.
The event itself went really well.
The lawyers themselves couldn't even figure it out.
We would love to make all of the arrangements ourselves.
不定代名詞
不定代名詞は特定の人、量、ものを指しません。文章中の名詞と同じ位置に配置されます。
| Everyone | He told everyone to take out their pens. |
| Everybody | Everybody needs to take a holiday once in a while. |
| Everywhere | They looked everywhere for the lost cat. |
| Everything | I did everything I could but it was no good. |
| someone | Is there someone who can help me? |
| Somebody | Somebody. left their bag behind. |
| Somewhere | Let’s go somewhere fun on the weekend. |
| something | He dropped something on his way out. |
| anyone | Anyone can learn a new language with LingQ |
| Anybody | Does anybody here know first aid? |
| someone | Is there someone who can help me? |
| Somebody | Somebody. left their bag behind. |
| Somewhere | Let’s go somewhere fun on the weekend. |
| something | He dropped something on his way out. |
| anyone | Anyone can learn a new language with LingQ. |
| Anybody | Does anybody here know first aid? |
| Anywhere | Don’t go anywhere, I’ll be right back. |
| anything | Do you have anything you want to say to me? |
| No one | Sorry, no one here is interested. |
| なし | Nobody wants to eat here, let’s go somewhere else. |
| Nowhere | I have nowhere to go. |
| Nothing | There is nothing to do here, it's so boring. |
質問：
疑問文は、不定代名詞を「every」、「some」、「any」の単語と組み合わせて使用します。このような疑問文に対する回答はほとんど「はい」または「いいえ」です。
Did everyone eat already?
Have you done anything interesting today?
Has he been everywhere he needed to go?
否定疑問文
このような疑問文は次の構文で否定的なニュアンスで作成します。
Didn’t everyone eat already?
Haven’t you done anything interesting today?
Hasn’t he been everywhere he needed to go?
不定代名詞の「some」を含む疑問文は、次の方法で否定疑問文にすることができます。
Aren’t you looking for something like this?
Don’t I know you from somewhere?
Shouldn’t somebody be watching the children?
Wouldn’t someone like to try these cakes?