Adverbs
부사는 동사, 형용사, 부사 또는 구에 대한 추가 정보를 설명하거나 제공합니다.
예시:
She was a very happy child.
He ate the hamburger quickly.
Her latest movie is absolutely terrifying!
Don't be gone for too long.
낡고 어두운 그 집은 제게 나쁜 느낌을 주었습니다.
장소 부사
장소 부사는 어떤 일이 일어나는 위치를 알려주며 형용사나 부사의 의미를 바꾸지 않습니다.
예시:
| about | downstairs | on |
| above | east (etc) | out |
| abroad | elsewhere | outside |
| anywhere | far | over |
| away | here | there |
| backwards (또는 backward) | indoors | under |
| Behind | inside | up |
| below | near | upstairs |
| down | nearby | 어디 |
| off |
접미사 "...wards" or "...ward" 는 일반적으로 지정된 방향으로의 움직임을 표현합니다.
|
Upwards |
The balloon floated upwards when she let it go. |
|
Downward |
The downward dog is his favourite yoga position. |
|
Backwards |
He fell backwards off the horse. |
|
앞으로 |
Please move forward so I may get by. |
|
Westward |
The westward facing house was the one they liked the most. |
접미사 "...where"는 일부 장소 부사와 함께 사용되기도 합니다.
|
Nowhere |
I have nowhere to go on the weekend, I need to make a plan. |
|
어디서나 |
Is there anywhere you would like to visit while you're here? |
|
어딘가 |
I have to find somewhere with a washroom. |
|
어디에나 |
나는 그것을 찾아 사방을 헤맸다. |
시간 부사
이 부사는 어떤 일이 언제 일어났는지를 알려줍니다. 시간 부사는 또한 어떤 일이 얼마나 자주 또는 얼마나 오래 일어났는지를 알려줍니다.
예시:
| 시간부사 | 빈도부사 | 시간의 경과를 나타내는 부사 |
|---|---|---|
| now | sometimes | 시대 |
| then | always | 하루 종일 |
| today | usually | 지난 달 이래 |
| tomorrow | 매년 | 며칠 동안 |
| tonight | 매시간 | 여러 해 동안 |
| 일간 | 90년대 이래 | |
| 드물게 | 여러 시간 |
I have a meeting with him tomorrow.
We should go to the train station now.
He visits his grandmother yearly.
Ella sometimes adds strawberries to her yoghurt.
I have been using the app since last month.
Miguel has lived in New York since the '90s.
양태부사
양태부사는 어떤 일이 어떻게 일어났는지 알려줍니다.
예시:
| 성을 내며 | 나쁘게 | 아름답게 | 침착하게 |
| 조심스럽게 | 주의깊게 | 영특하게 | 위험하게 |
| 간절하게 | 신나게 | 어리석게 | fast |
| 맹렬하게 | 행복하게 | 탐욕스럽게 | hard |
| 급하게 | 친절하게 | nervously | politely |
| quickly | quietly | secretly | silently |
| slowly | softly | stupidly | unhappily |
| well | wickedly | willingly | wisely |
Violet secretly hoped she wouldn't have to go to work.
He nervously played with his pen waiting to open the exam booklet.
The car was driving dangerously close to the sidewalk.
They quickly stopped talking when the teacher came in.
He stupidly forgot his car keys and had to go back.
정도부사
정도부사는 어떤 일이 일어나는 정도나 범위를 알려줍니다. 이러한 종류의 부사는 동사, 형용사, 부사를 수식할 수 있습니다.
예시:
| Really | Slowly | Fairly | 빠르게 |
| Just | Very | Quite | Enough |
동사를 수식하는 부사:
He was slowly walking to the park.
They had done enough dancing for one night.
Jenna quickly hid the book behind her back.
형용사를 수식하는 부사:
The kids were very kind to the lost dog.
The hotel ballroom was quite beautiful.
He was fairly happy at his new job.
부사를 수식하는 부사:
She had learned to play chess very well.
The birds ate the seed quite quickly.
The game was really cleverly created.
확실성의 부사
확실성의 부사는 우리가 어떤 것에 대해 얼마나 확신하거나 확신하는지를 나타냅니다.
예시:
| Certainly | Definitely | Probably | Clearly |
| Undoubtedly | Obviously | Surely |
I'm definitely going to get tickets for that show.
He is clearly feeling guilty about lying to her.
You're obviously not enjoying this movie, let's turn it off.
I'll probably go to the gallery opening on the weekend.
형용사에서 부사 만들기
대부분의 경우 형용사 끝에 "-ly"를 추가하여 부사를 형성할 수 있습니다.
형용사가 "y"로 끝나면 "y" 를 "i"로 바꾸고 "-ly"를 더하세요.
형용사가 "-able"이나 "-ible", 또는"-le"로 끝나면, "-e"를 "-y"로 바꾸세요.
형용사가 "-ic"로 끝나면, "-ally"를 더하세요.
| 형용사 | 부사 |
|---|---|
| 행복한 | 행복하게 |
| gentle | gently |
| tragic | tragically |
| slow | slowly |
관계부사
관계부사는 문장이나 절을 연결합니다. 관계부사는 "when", "where" and "why"입니다.
Do you know the reason why he is so upset?
The day when we will have the event is supposed to be sunny.
There is a beautiful library in the university where we met.
의문부사
의문부사 "when", "where", "why" and "how"를 사용하여 질문을 만듭니다.
When does the next bus arrive?
Where will you go for summer vacation?
How do I get to the nearest beach?
Why doesn’t he want to come out to dinner with us tonight?