Verb Tenses

동사는 동작 단어로 알려져 있습니다. 동사는 행동, 발생 또는 존재 상태를 나타냅니다.

영어 동사는 과거, 현재, 미래의 세 가지 시제로 나뉩니다. 다음은 영어로 다양한 동사 시제를 형성하는 방법입니다:

단순 과거

단순 과거 시제는 지금 이전 (과거) 에 완료된 동작을 이야기할 때 사용된다.

주어 + 과거 시제 동사

I ate the banana you are looking for this morning.

We slept in the spare room last night.

The team played icebreaker games before the event started.

She hadn't thought about how many people would be coming to dinner.

Ritu hasn't eaten since breakfast.

They haven't taken the driving test yet.

과거 진행형

과거 진행형 시제는 과거의 미완료 또는 미완성 행위를 이야기할 때 사용된다. 과거에 시작된 행위가 지금도 진행되고 있음을 보여준다.

주어 + was/wasn't/were/weren't + 과거 분사 (동사 + ing)

Henri was playing the guitar when I came over.

When we got there the girls were running around.

I was mad that Mari wasn't ready when I drove up to her house.

We weren't singing when she got to the concert hall.

과거 완료형

과거 완료는 과거에 한 사건이 다른 사건보다 먼저 일어났음을 나타내며 어떤 사건이 먼저 일어났는지 명확하게 보여줍니다.

주어 + had/hadn't + 과거 분사

Angel had saved his work before the computer crashed.

We had prepared the buses by the time the tourists arrived.

I hadn't cooked anything when my friends turned up.

There was nothing to eat because he hadn't been shopping.

과거 완료 진행형

과거 완료 진행형 시제는 과거의 다른 동작보다 먼저 끝난 과거의 동작을 표시합니다.

주어 + had/hadn't/ been + 현재 분사 (동사 + ing)

By the time the restaurant opened we'd (we had) been waiting for an hour.

John had been swimming already by the time his friends go there.

She hadn't been doing her homework when her dad got home from work.

단순 현재

단순 현재 시제는 반복, 습관 또는 일반화를 나타냅니다.

주어 + 현재 시제 동사

I go to work every day.

He loves to eat something sweet after dinner.

Americans eat lots of junk food.

The boxing class starts at 6 p.m. every week night.

It rains in Vancouver all the time.

현재 진행형

현재 진행형 시제는 현재에 진행 중인 동작을 설명하는 데 사용된다.

주어 + am/is/are + 현재 분사 (동사 + ing)

She is cleaning out her car.

Megan이 연간 리포트를 작성하고 있어요.

We're living in Moscow right now.

They're having breakfast, let's join them.

현재 완료 시제

현재완료형은 현재 결과를 초래하는 과거의 사건을 나타냅니다.

주어 + have/haven't/has/hasn't + 과거 분사

I have lived in this house since 1992.

She has worked at the same job for 22 years.

She hasn't studied Japanese for very long so she finds it tough to speak.

He hadn't seen her at all yet today.

현재 완료 진행형

현재완료 진행형 시제는 과거에 시작된 동작이 현재에도 계속되거나 방금 끝난 동작을 표현합니다.

주어 + have/haven't/has/hasn't been + 현재 분사 (verb + ing)

It has been raining for five days straight.

She hasn't been eating breakfast because she's been sick.

The tourists have been feeding the birds in the park.

We just haven't been taking care of the yard this summer as it's been so hot.

단순 미래

단순 미래는 현재 이후에 일어날 행동에 대해 이야기하는 데 사용된다. 사실과 확신을 나타낸다.

주어 + shall/ shall not / will/ will not + 동사 원형

I will go to the office tomorrow.

We won't leave until later this evening.

They shall eat at the table and not on the sofa.

He shall not run in the race if there is a thunderstorm.

미래 진행형

미래 진행형 시제는 미래에도 계속되거나 계속되는 행동을 표현합니다.

주어 + will / will not be + 현재 분사 (-ing 형태)

Jake will be coming over later to watch a movie.

The team will be playing in the tournament on Wednesday of next week.

My brother won't be joining us at next week's practice.

I will not be drinking that milk, it's sour.

미래 완료

The future perfect tense is used to show an action that will occur in the future before another action or time in the future.

주어 + will / won't have + 과거 분사

I will have lived in Barcelona for three years on the 20th of this month.

He won't have finished the essay by tomorrow's deadline.

Ami will have finished high school by the time her dad returns from working abroad.

미래 완료 진행형

미래 완료 시제는 미래의 또 다른 행위나 미래 시점 이전에 일어날 행위를 표현하는 데 사용된다.

주어 + shall/ shall not / will / will not + have be/been + 현재 분사 (-ing 형태)

We will have been driving for 10 hours come 6 o'clock.

Next month I will have been coming here for lunch every day for a year.

They will have been sleeping for an hour by the time you get home from work.

가정법

제로 조건문은 일반적 진리를 표현하는 데 사용된다.

If + 단순 현재 + 단순 현재

People bleed if you cut them.

Water boils if you heat it enough.

1차 가정법

1차 가정법은 가능한 가정과 예상되는 결과에 대해 설명합니다. 기본적으로 "이런 일이 발생하면 이런 일도 발생하거나 발생할 수 있습니다."라고 설명합니다.

If + 단순 현재 + 단순 미래

If you fails the test, he will not graduate.

If he drops the glass, it will smash.

If she eats that meat, she might get sick.

If he climbs that tree, he may fall.

2차 가정법

2차 가정법은 가능성이 희박하거나 가상, 상상 또는 불가능한 현재 또는 미래의 상황이나 행동에 대해 이야기합니다.

If + 단순 과거 + 가정법 현재 또는 가정법 현재 진행형

If I were younger, I would go backpacking around the world.

If she were taller, she would have tried out for the basketball team.

If I won the lottery, I would buy a Ferrari.

3차 가정법

3차 가정문은 과거의 불가능한 가정과 과거에 이 가정의 결과를 표현합니다.

If +과거 완료 + would have + 과거 분사

If I had trained harder I would have run a faster time in the marathon.

If you had gone to law school, you would have been a great lawyer.

If you had invited them to, they would have played for longer.

혼합 가정법

혼합 가정법에서 주절의 시제는 조건절 또는 if절의 시제와 다릅니다.

If + 과거 완료 + 현재 가정법

---

If + 단순 과거 + 완료 가정법

If we had checked the directions before we left, we wouldn't be lost now.

We wouldn’t be lost now if we had checked the directions before we left.

조동사

법조 동사는 문장에서 다음에 오는 본동사의 기능에 대한 추가 정보를 제공한다. 법조동사는 허가, 의무, 필요성 결핍, 가능성, 능력, 금지, 조언 및 확률을 표현하는 데 사용된다.

몇 가지 조동사 및 문장 예시:

허락
Can	Can I please come to your party?
5월	May I take a cookie from the jar?
Might	Might I suggest a different approach?

의무
Must	You must tell me what he said.
Should	He should leave the room.
Ought to	They ought to find a place to stay.

필요성 결여
Need not	You need not worry, I will take care of it.

가능성
Can	Eating more fruit can make you healthier.
Could	Rewriting the paper could get you a higher grade
5월	It may be cheaper at the other store.
Might	It might be better to try tomorrow.

능력
Can	I can run faster than Jim.
Could (과거의 능력)	I could swim for miles when I was a teenager.

금지
Must not	You must not drink alcohol until you are at least 18 years old.

조언
Had better	You had better go to bed now if you want to get up at 5 a.m. tomorrow.
Should	You should call your grandmother, she would like that.
Ought to	They ought to clear their driveway so we can park our car.

확률
5월	It may rain this afternoon.
Might	We might go play tennis tomorrow.